Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?

• A. Central Nervous System (CNS)
• B. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• C. Enteric Nervous System
• D. Autonomic Nervous System

Answer: (A)

Nervous system organization is based on location and function, with a central core and a peripheral network. The brain and spinal cord lie inside the skull and vertebral column, forming the Central Nervous System. This part acts as the main command center, processing sensory information and directing motor responses. The Peripheral Nervous System includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that carry signals to and from the CNS. The Enteric Nervous System operates largely within the gut to manage digestion. The Autonomic Nervous System is a functional division of the Peripheral Nervous System that controls involuntary activities, like heart rate and digestion, with further divisions such as sympathetic and parasympathetic. Because the brain and spinal cord are the structures that comprise the central command center of the nervous system, they belong to the Central Nervous System.